Breaking through the glass ceiling: meritocracy steps for women's civil service careers

Anamira Suryani(1*), Niluh Putu Evvy Rossanti(2), Harnida Wahyuni Adda(3),

(1) University of Tadulako
(2) University of Tadulako
(3) University of Tadulako
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This study investigates the challenges posed by the glass ceiling and the implementation of meritocracy for female civil servants (in Palu City, aiming to identify strategies for enhancing career progression. Employing a constructivist research paradigm with a qualitative approach, data were gathered through interviews including the Mayor, City Secretary, BKPSDMD Head, and representatives from various departments within the Palu City Government. Analysis was conducted using triangulation techniques aided by NVIVO 14 software. Findings reveal that the glass ceiling manifests as conflicts in work-life balance, limited decision-making authority, and entrenched gender biases, hindering women's career advancements. Nonetheless, it also serves as motivation for female civil servants to assertively engage in career development. Overcoming these obstacles demands exceptional resilience, perseverance, and a composed demeanor in facing challenges. The glass ceiling can stimulate proactive measures toward career success among women. Conversely, a fair and transparent meritocracy system emerges as a viable solution to mitigate the glass ceiling's effects. This entails implementing mentoring, coaching, training, and educational initiatives addressing women-specific workplace challenges such as time management, salary negotiations, and work-life equilibrium.

Keywords


glass ceiling; meritocracy; women's careers; gender stereotypes

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References


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Acker, J. (2006). Inequality regimes: Gender, class, and race in organizations. Gender and Society, 20(4), 441–464.

Caceres-Rodriguez, R. (2013). The Glass Ceiling Revisited: Moving Beyond Discrimination in the Study of Gender in Public Organizations. Administration and Society, 45(6), 674–709.

Cech, E. A., & Blair-Loy, M. (2010). Perceiving glass ceilings? Meritocratic versus structural explanations of gender inequality among women in science and technology. Social Problems, 57(3), 371–397.

Charron, N., Dahlström, C., Fazekas, M., & Lapuente, V. (2017). Careers, connections, and corruption risks: Investigating the impact of bureaucratic meritocracy on public procurement processes. Journal of Politics, 79(1), 89–104.

Cho, Y., Park, J., Ju, B., Han, S. J., Moon, H., Park, S., Ju, A., & Park, E. (2016). Women Leaders’ Work-Life Imbalance in South Korean Companies: A Collaborative Qualitative Study. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 27(4), 461–487.

Coley, C., Sheshadri, S., Devanathan, S., & Bhavani, R. R. (2023). Contextualizing women’s empowerment frameworks with an emphasis on social support: a study in rural, South India. Community, Work and Family, 26(1), 1–20.

Connell, R. (2006). New Engand Cheesemaking Supply Company. Public Administration Review, 66(6), 837–849.

Dowling, G. (2017). The glass ceiling: Fact or a misguided metaphor? Annals in Social Responsibility, 3(1), 23–41.

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Krissetyanti, E. P. L. (2018). Women’s Perceptions about Glass Ceiling in their Career Development in Local Bureaucracy in Indonesia. Bisnis & Birokrasi Journal, 25(1), 1–8.

Lapan, S. D., Quartaroli, M. T., & Riemer, F. J. (2012). Qualitative research: an introduction to methods and designs. John Wiley & Sons.

MacDonald, K. (2009). Evolution, psychology, and a conflict theory of culture. Evolutionary Psychology, 7(2), 208–233.

McLaren, H., Patmisari, E., Hamiduzzaman, M., Star, C., & Widianingsih, I. (2023). Indonesian Women’s Civil Service Leadership: Analysis of Career Progression Opportunity and Constraint. Administration and Society, 55(6), 1218–1249.

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Ng, E. S., & McGowan, R. A. (2023). Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Views of Women from the Second-Wave Feminist Movement. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 40(2), 173–187.

Nguyen, K. N., & McLaren, H. J. (2020). Female student migration: A brief opportunity for freedom from religio-philosophical obedience. Religions, 11(11), 1–11.

Prajuli, W. A., Yustikaningrum, R. V., & Amurwanti, D. N. (2021). How gender socialization is improving women’s representation in Indonesia’s Foreign affairs: breaking the ceiling. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 75(5), 527–545.

Sealy, R. (2010). Changing perceptions of meritocracy in senior women’s careers. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 25(3), 184–197.

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Sunaryo, S., Rahardian, R., Risgiyanti, Suyono, J., & Usman, I. (2021). Gender Discrimination and Unfair Treatment: Investigation of The Perceived Glass Ceiling and Women Reactions in The Workplace – Evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Economics and Management, 15(2), 297–313.

Suzuki, K., & Hur, H. (2022). Revisiting the old debate: citizens’ perceptions of meritocracy in public and private organizations. Public Management Review, 24(8), 1226–1250.

Taparia, M., & Lenka, U. (2022). An integrated conceptual framework of the glass ceiling effect. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 9(3), 372–400.

Acker, J. (1992). Gendering Organizational Theory. I Mills, Albert & Tancred, Peta (eds) Gendering Organizational Analysis. London: Sage.

Acker, J. (2006). Inequality regimes: Gender, class, and race in organizations. Gender and Society, 20(4), 441–464.

Caceres-Rodriguez, R. (2013). The Glass Ceiling Revisited: Moving Beyond Discrimination in the Study of Gender in Public Organizations. Administration and Society, 45(6), 674–709.

Cech, E. A., & Blair-Loy, M. (2010). Perceiving glass ceilings? Meritocratic versus structural explanations of gender inequality among women in science and technology. Social Problems, 57(3), 371–397.

Charron, N., Dahlström, C., Fazekas, M., & Lapuente, V. (2017). Careers, connections, and corruption risks: Investigating the impact of bureaucratic meritocracy on public procurement processes. Journal of Politics, 79(1), 89–104.

Cho, Y., Park, J., Ju, B., Han, S. J., Moon, H., Park, S., Ju, A., & Park, E. (2016). Women Leaders’ Work-Life Imbalance in South Korean Companies: A Collaborative Qualitative Study. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 27(4), 461–487.

Coley, C., Sheshadri, S., Devanathan, S., & Bhavani, R. R. (2023). Contextualizing women’s empowerment frameworks with an emphasis on social support: a study in rural, South India. Community, Work and Family, 26(1), 1–20.

Connell, R. (2006). New Engand Cheesemaking Supply Company. Public Administration Review, 66(6), 837–849.

Dowling, G. (2017). The glass ceiling: Fact or a misguided metaphor? Annals in Social Responsibility, 3(1), 23–41.

Glaser, B. ., & Strauss, A. . (1999). Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Taylor and Francis Ltd.

King, N. (2004). Using Templates in the Thematic Analysis of Text. Essential Guide to Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research, 256–270.

Krissetyanti, E. P. L. (2018). Women’s Perceptions about Glass Ceiling in their Career Development in Local Bureaucracy in Indonesia. Bisnis & Birokrasi Journal, 25(1), 1–8.

Lapan, S. D., Quartaroli, M. T., & Riemer, F. J. (2012). Qualitative research: an introduction to methods and designs. John Wiley & Sons.

MacDonald, K. (2009). Evolution, psychology, and a conflict theory of culture. Evolutionary Psychology, 7(2), 208–233.

McLaren, H., Patmisari, E., Hamiduzzaman, M., Star, C., & Widianingsih, I. (2023). Indonesian Women’s Civil Service Leadership: Analysis of Career Progression Opportunity and Constraint. Administration and Society, 55(6), 1218–1249.

Mulya, T. W., & Sakhiyya, Z. (2021). ‘Leadership is a sacred matter’: women leaders contesting and contextualising neoliberal meritocracy in the Indonesian academia. Gender and Education, 33(7), 930–945.

Naguib, R., & Madeeha, M. (2023). “Making visible the invisible”: Exploring the role of gender biases on the glass ceiling in Qatar’s public sector. Women’s Studies International Forum, 98, 102723.

Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th edition. Pearson Education, Inc.

Ng, E. S., & McGowan, R. A. (2023). Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Views of Women from the Second-Wave Feminist Movement. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 40(2), 173–187.

Nguyen, K. N., & McLaren, H. J. (2020). Female student migration: A brief opportunity for freedom from religio-philosophical obedience. Religions, 11(11), 1–11.

Prajuli, W. A., Yustikaningrum, R. V., & Amurwanti, D. N. (2021). How gender socialization is improving women’s representation in Indonesia’s Foreign affairs: breaking the ceiling. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 75(5), 527–545.

Sealy, R. (2010). Changing perceptions of meritocracy in senior women’s careers. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 25(3), 184–197.

Solt, F., Hu, Y., Hudson, K., Song, J., & Yu, D. E. (2016). Economic inequality and belief in meritocracy in the United States. Research and Politics, 3(4), 2053168016672101.

Sunaryo, S., Rahardian, R., Risgiyanti, Suyono, J., & Usman, I. (2021). Gender Discrimination and Unfair Treatment: Investigation of The Perceived Glass Ceiling and Women Reactions in The Workplace – Evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Economics and Management, 15(2), 297–313.

Suzuki, K., & Hur, H. (2022). Revisiting the old debate: citizens’ perceptions of meritocracy in public and private organizations. Public Management Review, 24(8), 1226–1250.

Taparia, M., & Lenka, U. (2022). An integrated conceptual framework of the glass ceiling effect. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 9(3), 372–400.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24123/mabis.v23i2.798

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Copyright (c) 2024 Anamira Suryani, Niluh Putu Evvy Rossanti, Harnida Wahyuni Adda

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